{"id":943,"date":"2010-03-17T20:32:33","date_gmt":"2010-03-17T20:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mmuperu.co.uk\/bjcj\/?p=943"},"modified":"2022-12-15T14:52:36","modified_gmt":"2022-12-15T14:52:36","slug":"the-social-construction-of-probation-in-england-and-wales-and-the-united-states-implications-for-the-transferability-o-probation-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mmuperu.co.uk\/bjcj\/articles\/the-social-construction-of-probation-in-england-and-wales-and-the-united-states-implications-for-the-transferability-o-probation-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"The Social Construction of Probation in England and Wales, and the United States: Implications for the Transferability o Probation Practice"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_use_pixel=&#8221;yes&#8221; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; column_width_pixel=&#8221;1000&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_horizontal=&#8221;left&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; align_mobile=&#8221;align_left_mobile&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text_font=&#8221;font-128611&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; text_color=&#8221;color-210407&#8243;]Articles[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_separator sep_color=&#8221;color-210407&#8243; el_height=&#8221;1px&#8221;][vc_custom_heading auto_text=&#8221;yes&#8221; text_font=&#8221;font-128611&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; text_color=&#8221;accent&#8221;]This is a custom heading element.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 110px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.9177%;height: 22px\"><span class=\"font-810834\">Published<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.0823%;height: 22px\">17\/03\/2010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.9177%;height: 22px\">Type<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.0823%;height: 22px\">Article<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.9177%;height: 22px\">Author(s)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.0823%;height: 22px\">Jake Phillips<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 32.9177%\">Corresponding Authors<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.0823%\">Jake Phillips, student of the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.9177%;height: 22px\">DOA<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.0823%;height: 22px\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.9177%;height: 22px\">DOI<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p><em>\u2018Institutions always have a history, of which they are the products\u2019\u00a0(Berger and Luckmann, 1971: 72)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This article argues that the histories of probation must be taken into account when\u00a0implementing standardised probation practice because the current\u00a0 configuration of\u00a0probation still depends on these social and historical conditions. I show this by outlining the\u00a0origins of probation in England and Wales and the United States before discussing how the\u00a0two services developed in different ways and were based on varying notions of the offender. I\u00a0then demonstrate how some of t hese differences have persisted into the early twenty-first\u00a0century and argue that the origins of the services have impacted on the uptake of evidence\u00a0based practice, professional ideology and unified services. Finally, by drawing on Berger and\u00a0Luckmann, and Jones and Newburn, I suggest that a top-down approach of implementing\u00a0change can undermine and deprecate previous ways of working with offenders and that the\u00a0origins of community sanctions might militate against any notion of uniform provision.[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; align_mobile=&#8221;align_center_mobile&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][vc_button button_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; size=&#8221;btn-lg&#8221; radius=&#8221;btn-square&#8221; wide=&#8221;yes&#8221; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Fmmuperu.co.uk%2Fbjcj%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F441%2F2020%2F08%2FBJCJ-8-1-Phillips.pdf||target:%20_blank|&#8221;]Download PDF[\/vc_button][uncode_share layout=&#8221;multiple&#8221; bigger=&#8221;yes&#8221; separator=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-lxmt&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1593440492913{padding-right: 26px !important;padding-left: 26px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-128611&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; text_color=&#8221;color-210407&#8243;]Latest Issue[\/vc_custom_heading][uncode_index el_id=&#8221;index-163686&#8243; loop=&#8221;size:1|order_by:date|post_type:post|categories:3&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; post_items=&#8221;title,date&#8221; screen_lg=&#8221;1000&#8243; screen_md=&#8221;600&#8243; screen_sm=&#8221;480&#8243; single_text=&#8221;overlay&#8221; single_style=&#8221;dark&#8221; single_overlay_opacity=&#8221;50&#8243; single_overlay_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_text_visible=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_text_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_h_align_mobile=&#8221;left&#8221; single_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; single_title_family=&#8221;font-128611&#8243; single_title_dimension=&#8221;h4&#8243; single_title_weight=&#8221;500&#8243;][vc_button button_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; size=&#8221;btn-xl&#8221; radius=&#8221;btn-square&#8221; wide=&#8221;yes&#8221; custom_typo=&#8221;yes&#8221; font_family=&#8221;font-128611&#8243; font_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Fmmuperu.co.uk%2Fbjcj%2Fnewsletter%2F|title:Newsletter||&#8221;]Subscribe to our Newsletter[\/vc_button][vc_raw_html]JTNDYSUyMGNsYXNzJTNEJTIydHdpdHRlci10aW1lbGluZSUyMiUyMGRhdGEtd2lkdGglM0QlMjI0MDAlMjIlMjBkYXRhLWhlaWdodCUzRCUyMjU0NSUyMiUyMGhyZWYlM0QlMjJodHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRnR3aXR0ZXIuY29tJTJGYmpjb21tdW5pdHlqdXN0JTNGcmVmX3NyYyUzRHR3c3JjJTI1NUV0ZnclMjIlM0VUd2VldHMlMjBieSUyMGJqY29tbXVuaXR5anVzdCUzQyUyRmElM0UlMjAlM0NzY3JpcHQlMjBhc3luYyUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGcGxhdGZvcm0udHdpdHRlci5jb20lMkZ3aWRnZXRzLmpzJTIyJTIwY2hhcnNldCUzRCUyMnV0Zi04JTIyJTNFJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_html][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article argues that the histories of probation must be taken into account when\u00a0implementing standardised probation practice because the current configuration of\u00a0probation still depends on these social and historical conditions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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