{"id":1967,"date":"2020-09-09T10:13:02","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T09:13:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mmuperu.co.uk\/bjcj\/?p=1967"},"modified":"2021-06-16T14:43:13","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T13:43:13","slug":"covid-19-blaming-britains-muslim-communities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mmuperu.co.uk\/bjcj\/blog\/covid-19-blaming-britains-muslim-communities\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19: Blaming Britain\u2019s Muslim Communities"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row row_height_percent=&#8221;0&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; h_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; top_padding=&#8221;3&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; column_width_use_pixel=&#8221;yes&#8221; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; column_width_pixel=&#8221;1000&#8243;][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; position_horizontal=&#8221;left&#8221; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; align_mobile=&#8221;align_left_mobile&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading auto_text=&#8221;yes&#8221; text_font=&#8221;font-128611&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h1&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; text_color=&#8221;accent&#8221;]This is a custom heading element.[\/vc_custom_heading][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 110px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.9177%;height: 22px\"><span class=\"font-810834\">Published<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.0823%;height: 22px\"><span class=\"font-810834\">20\/09\/2020<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px\">\n<td style=\"width: 32.9177%;height: 22px\">Author(s)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 67.0823%;height: 22px\">Chris Allen<\/p>\n<p>School of Criminology, University of Leicester<\/p>\n<p>chris.allen@leicester.ac.uk<\/p>\n<p>@DrChrisAllen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Since the start of lockdown, a number of discourses that seek to blame Britain\u2019s Muslims for the COVID-19 crisis have emerged. Drawing on well-established Islamophobic tropes, these discourses not only problematise Muslim communities but have the potential to embolden some within the far right, justify hatred towards all Muslims without differentiation and legitimise hate crimes.<\/p>\n<p>Muslim communities like others have felt the impact of COVID-19. At the start of the pandemic, concerns about the spread of COVID-19 among Muslim communities were expressed by existed some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/coronavirus-muslim-mosque-closure-prayer-nhs-a9411936.html\">NHS officials<\/a>. A particular concern was that Muslim families tend to have greater numbers of people living in smaller residential spaces &#8211; at times having three generations under one roof \u2013 which could increase the risk of infection among elderly family members at the same time as limiting opportunities to self-isolate. The <a href=\"https:\/\/mcb.org.uk\/mcb-updates\/coronavirus-guidance-for-mosques-and-madrassas\/#individuals\">Muslim Council of Britain<\/a> was one of the first organisations to issue unequivocal guidance: calling on all to strictly adhere to social distancing, to close mosques and cancel gatherings for weddings and funerals.<\/p>\n<p>Others have sought to scapegoat Muslims by being far more explicit in the attribution of blame, particularly following the local lockdown in Leicester. Despite claims to the contrary from the Department of Health, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo.php?fbid=625380648395069&amp;set=a.235035407429597&amp;type=3&amp;theater\">social media was soon awash with claims<\/a> that the city\u2019s Muslims were to blame: first, because they could not understand government guidelines due to not speaking English; second, because they refused to use hand sanitiser given that the teachings of Islam forbid alcohol. Subsequent investigations have shown that <a href=\"https:\/\/fullfact.org\/health\/leicester-covid-outbreak-islam\/\">neither claim was correct<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Similar reactions have been evident following the recent lockdown in parts of Manchester, east Lancashire and West Yorkshire. As well as covering a number of areas where large numbers of Muslims reside, the fact that the July 31st lockdown was announced on the eve of Eid did not go unnoticed. While this prompted some within Muslim communities to express <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/coronavirus-northern-england-eid-lockdown-british-muslims\">dismay<\/a>, others outside those communities responded quite differently. For them, this was clear evidence that Muslims were to blame for the spike in infections behind the lockdown. This perception was reinforced by reports that the government had identified <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-8580495\/Ministers-warned-Eid-problematic-locked-areas-weeks-ago.html\">Eid as \u2018problematic\u2019<\/a> months prior.<\/p>\n<p>To make matters worse, some individual politicians afforded credence to these blaming discourses. Following the northern lockdown, Craig Whittaker \u2013 Conservative Member of Parliament for the Calder Valley \u2013 stated that because <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theneweuropean.co.uk\/top-stories\/tory-blames-muslim-and-bame-communities-for-covid-lockdown-lbc-1-6771604\">Muslims were not taking COVID-19 seriously<\/a>, they were to blame for spreading the virus. Despite Whittaker failing to cite any evidence to support his claims, the Prime Minister Boris Johnson subsequently refused to condemn Whittaker or distance himself from the claims made.<\/p>\n<p>Potentially conferring legitimacy on the blame attributed to Muslims, Johnson\u2019s silence may also embolden those within the far-right milieu seeking to exploit the COVID-19 crisis against Muslims and the religion of Islam. The first evidence of this from the far right emerged when a handful of videos taken while driving through densely populated Muslim areas appeared on social media. Filmed by far-right activists, the videos were \u2018proof\u2019 that Muslims were spreading the virus through ignoring social distancing. Other videos contained historical footage of Muslims praying, \u2018proof\u2019 that Muslims were still attending mosques. The thousands of accompanying tweets using the hashtag #CoronaJihad supported the view that Muslims were deliberately spreading COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p>More pernicious have been those far right activists that have called on those infected with COVID-19 to visit local mosques and Muslim neighbourhoods to spread the virus in Muslim communities. One group, the British National Socialist Movement <a href=\"https:\/\/capx.co\/how-the-far-right-is-exploiting-coronavirus-to-peddle-race-hate\/\">shared a poster on social media<\/a> titled \u201cWhat to do if you get Covid-19\u201d. Incorporating the logos of the World Health Organisation and Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the poster encouraged supporters to \u2018deliberately infect\u2019 Muslims. On the other hand, while it has been normal for far right groups to oppose the building of mosques for some time, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fairobserver.com\/insight\/chris-allen-london-mega-mosque-islamophobia-far-right-covid-19-news-15290\/\">Britain First\u2019s recent opposition to a new mosque development<\/a> in central London centred on the biological threat posed by worshippers and the increased risk of virus transmissions.<\/p>\n<p>One can only speculate what impact discourses blaming Muslims might have on large numbers of people already fearful of the effects and consequences of an invisible virus. In localised settings where community tensions exist or where numbers of infections are rising, the scapegoating of Muslims will be wholly detrimental even without the far right exacerbating the situation. Add in the ensuing social and political uncertainties and the situation becomes increasingly concerning given the <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@mail.chrisallen\/under-the-spectre-of-brexit-hate-crimes-are-at-record-levels-again-12e9d6c24af5\">rising levels of hate crimes targeting Muslims<\/a> prior to the pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>Time will tell how substantial a threat is posed by these discourses of blame. For now, , it would be wrong to underestimate the very real potential they have to further reify established discourses of Islamophobia and further strengthen an ever more dangerous far right.[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; align_mobile=&#8221;align_center_mobile&#8221; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243;][uncode_share layout=&#8221;multiple&#8221; bigger=&#8221;yes&#8221; separator=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=&#8221;100&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;2&#8243; override_padding=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_padding=&#8221;2&#8243; back_color=&#8221;color-lxmt&#8221; overlay_alpha=&#8221;50&#8243; shift_x=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y=&#8221;0&#8243; shift_y_down=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index=&#8221;0&#8243; medium_width=&#8221;0&#8243; mobile_width=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky=&#8221;yes&#8221; width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1601210763891{padding-right: 26px !important;padding-left: 26px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;font-128611&#8243; text_size=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; text_color=&#8221;color-210407&#8243;]Latest Issue[\/vc_custom_heading][uncode_index el_id=&#8221;index-163686&#8243; loop=&#8221;size:1|order_by:date|post_type:post|categories:2&#8243; gutter_size=&#8221;3&#8243; post_items=&#8221;title,date&#8221; screen_lg=&#8221;1000&#8243; screen_md=&#8221;600&#8243; screen_sm=&#8221;480&#8243; single_text=&#8221;overlay&#8221; single_style=&#8221;dark&#8221; single_overlay_opacity=&#8221;50&#8243; single_overlay_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_text_visible=&#8221;yes&#8221; single_text_anim=&#8221;no&#8221; single_h_align_mobile=&#8221;left&#8221; single_padding=&#8221;0&#8243; single_title_family=&#8221;font-128611&#8243; single_title_dimension=&#8221;h5&#8243; single_title_weight=&#8221;400&#8243;][vc_button button_color=&#8221;accent&#8221; size=&#8221;btn-xl&#8221; radius=&#8221;btn-square&#8221; wide=&#8221;yes&#8221; custom_typo=&#8221;yes&#8221; font_family=&#8221;font-128611&#8243; font_weight=&#8221;500&#8243; border_width=&#8221;0&#8243; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Fmmuperu.co.uk%2Fbjcj%2Fnewsletter%2F|||&#8221;]Subscribe to our Newsletter[\/vc_button][vc_raw_html]JTNDYSUyMGNsYXNzJTNEJTIydHdpdHRlci10aW1lbGluZSUyMiUyMGRhdGEtd2lkdGglM0QlMjI0MDAlMjIlMjBkYXRhLWhlaWdodCUzRCUyMjU0NSUyMiUyMGhyZWYlM0QlMjJodHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRnR3aXR0ZXIuY29tJTJGTU1VUG9saWN5RXZhbCUzRnJlZl9zcmMlM0R0d3NyYyUyNTVFdGZ3JTIyJTNFVHdlZXRzJTIwYnklMjBNTVVQb2xpY3lFdmFsJTNDJTJGYSUzRSUyMCUzQ3NjcmlwdCUyMGFzeW5jJTIwc3JjJTNEJTIyaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZwbGF0Zm9ybS50d2l0dGVyLmNvbSUyRndpZGdldHMuanMlMjIlMjBjaGFyc2V0JTNEJTIydXRmLTglMjIlM0UlM0MlMkZzY3JpcHQlM0UlMjA=[\/vc_raw_html][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since the start of lockdown, a number of discourses that seek to blame Britain\u2019s Muslims for the COVID-19 crisis have emerged.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - 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