{"id":1078,"date":"2012-06-13T14:59:39","date_gmt":"2012-06-13T13:59:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mmuperu.co.uk\/bjcj\/?p=1078"},"modified":"2022-12-15T15:44:57","modified_gmt":"2022-12-15T15:44:57","slug":"freedom-of-expression-minorities-and-state-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mmuperu.co.uk\/bjcj\/articles\/freedom-of-expression-minorities-and-state-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"Freedom of Expression, Minorities and State Protection"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Published<\/span><\/td>\n13\/06\/2012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Type<\/td>\nArticle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Author(s)<\/td>\nZia Akhtar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Corresponding Authors<\/td>\nZia Akhtar, Grays Inn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOA<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOI<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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The recent acquittal of Dutch MP Geert Wilder on a charge of inciting racial hatred, banning of veils in France, and the burning of the Koran in the US, are part of a sequence of criminalisation of Muslims. Iconographic figures of Muslims were demonised, beginning with the publicising of libellous cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad, initially inDenmark and then much of Europe, depicting him as a terrorist. There are international conventions that prohibit the discrimination of communities based on their religious beliefs. In the UK, the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 has extended the ambit of the Public Order Act 1986 to cover religious harassment. However, the failed prosecutions under the statute show that it does not extend to vilification of the belief and only addresses the people who practice the creed. The findings of researchers in the UK and US show that the fundamental rights in granting freedom of expression vary according to the constitutions but their expression needs to be balanced with the effect on the rights of a
\nminority. This paper presents an argument that the commission of hate crimes should include a grossly offensive insult to a religious faith for the improved protection of minorities from racist attack, even if the intention of the perpetrator is to invite contemporary discussion. [\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”3″ overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ align_mobile=”align_center_mobile” mobile_width=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_button button_color=”accent” size=”btn-lg” radius=”btn-square” wide=”yes” border_width=”0″ link=”url:http%3A%2F%2Fmmuperu.co.uk%2Fbjcj%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F441%2F2020%2F08%2FBJCJ-10-1-Akhtar-FULL.pdf||target:%20_blank|”]Download PDF[\/vc_button][uncode_share layout=”multiple” bigger=”yes” separator=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ gutter_size=”2″ override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”2″ back_color=”color-lxmt” overlay_alpha=”50″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ shift_y_down=”0″ z_index=”0″ medium_width=”0″ mobile_width=”0″ width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1593440492913{padding-right: 26px !important;padding-left: 26px !important;}”][vc_custom_heading heading_semantic=”h3″ text_font=”font-128611″ text_size=”h4″ text_weight=”500″ text_color=”color-210407″]Latest Issue[\/vc_custom_heading][uncode_index el_id=”index-163686″ loop=”size:1|order_by:date|post_type:post|categories:3″ gutter_size=”3″ post_items=”title,date” screen_lg=”1000″ screen_md=”600″ screen_sm=”480″ single_text=”overlay” single_style=”dark” single_overlay_opacity=”50″ single_overlay_anim=”no” single_text_visible=”yes” single_text_anim=”no” single_h_align_mobile=”left” single_padding=”0″ single_title_family=”font-128611″ single_title_dimension=”h4″ single_title_weight=”500″][vc_button button_color=”accent” size=”btn-xl” radius=”btn-square” wide=”yes” custom_typo=”yes” font_family=”font-128611″ font_weight=”500″ border_width=”0″ link=”url:http%3A%2F%2Fmmuperu.co.uk%2Fbjcj%2Fnewsletter%2F|title:Newsletter||”]Subscribe to our Newsletter[\/vc_button][vc_raw_html]JTNDYSUyMGNsYXNzJTNEJTIydHdpdHRlci10aW1lbGluZSUyMiUyMGRhdGEtd2lkdGglM0QlMjI0MDAlMjIlMjBkYXRhLWhlaWdodCUzRCUyMjU0NSUyMiUyMGhyZWYlM0QlMjJodHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRnR3aXR0ZXIuY29tJTJGYmpjb21tdW5pdHlqdXN0JTNGcmVmX3NyYyUzRHR3c3JjJTI1NUV0ZnclMjIlM0VUd2VldHMlMjBieSUyMGJqY29tbXVuaXR5anVzdCUzQyUyRmElM0UlMjAlM0NzY3JpcHQlMjBhc3luYyUyMHNyYyUzRCUyMmh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGcGxhdGZvcm0udHdpdHRlci5jb20lMkZ3aWRnZXRzLmpzJTIyJTIwY2hhcnNldCUzRCUyMnV0Zi04JTIyJTNFJTNDJTJGc2NyaXB0JTNF[\/vc_raw_html][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thought Pieces’ are papers which draw on the author’s personal knowledge and\u00a0experience to offer stimulating and thought provoking ideas relevant to the aims of the\u00a0Journal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFreedom of Expression, Minorities and State Protection - BJCJ<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mmuperu.co.uk\/bjcj\/articles\/freedom-of-expression-minorities-and-state-protection\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Freedom of Expression, Minorities and State Protection - 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